winchester disk was introduced in

Hard disk drives for personal computers (PCs) were initially a rare and very expensive optional feature; systems typically had only the less expensive floppy disk drives or even cassette tape drives as both secondary storage and transport media. In 1976, the 5 1/4" flexible disk drive and diskette was developed by Alan Shugart for Wang Laboratories. Webopedia resources cover technology definitions, educational guides, and software reviews that are accessible to all researchers regardless of technical background. 100 full pages Xebec S1410 5.25 inch Winchester Disk Controller Owner's Manual, 1983. Hitachi developed and shipped the first 500GB drive in 2005, followed by the first terabyte-capacity drive in 2007. Answer (1 of 4): The Wikipedia article History of hard disk drives does a great job. She is known for her independent films and documentaries, including one about Alexander Graham Bell. PCMag, PCMag.com and PC Magazine are among the federally registered trademarks of Ziff Davis and may not be used by third parties without explicit permission. The Zip Drive and Zip Disk. Hard drives are beginning to be replaced with solid sate drives in some laptops due to their higher speed and increased durability. It cost $40,000. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Although modern disk drives are faster and hold more data, the basic technology is the same, so Winchester has become synonymous with hard. [2] The disk drive created a new level in the computer data hierarchy, then termed Random Access Storage but today known as secondary storage, less expensive and slower than main memory (then typically drums and later core memory) but faster and more expensive than tape drives. The name arose because the original 1973 engineering prototype for what later became the IBM 3340 featured two 30-megabyte volumes; 30--30 became "Winchester" when somebody noticed the similarity to the common term for a famous Winchester rifle (in the . Another term for hard disk drive. . Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. ahead of the pack IBM Marketing Brochure (May 1973), Mulvany, R. B. Engineering Design of a Disk Storage Facility with Data Modules. Also this year, IBM released the 3370 model, which was the first to use thin film heads. By putting the head closer. Physical Characteristics Winchester Disk Format (Seagate ST506) The ST-506 was the first 5.25 inch hard disk drive. From beginning and into the early 1980s manufacturing was mainly by US firms in the United States at locations such as Silicon Valley, Los Angeles, Minnesota and Oklahoma City. Our applications programs were versions of HP assemblers, compilers and so forth, modified (by us, with HP's blessing) to use our logical devices for their I/O functions. An informal generic term for floating head magnetic disk drives in which the read-write head planes over the disk surface on an air cushion. Al Shugart identified this new "Winchester head" as one of the four most significant developments in mass storage. [3], The commercial usage of hard disk drives (HDD) began in 1957, with the shipment of a production IBM 305 RAMAC system including IBM Model 350 disk storage. Nigels other interests include mountain biking and photography. with fixed platters known as Winchester disksperhaps because the first ones had two 30-megabyte platters, suggesting the Winchester 30-30 rifle. These disk drives could be added to older PC models. The very first small winchester disk drive was the ST-506 which boasted a generous 5 MB (five megabytes) of storage. A floppy disk or floppy diskette (sometimes casually referred to as a floppy or diskette) is a type of disk storage composed of a thin and flexible disk of a magnetic storage medium in a square or nearly square plastic enclosure lined with a fabric that removes dust particles from the spinning disk. . IBM introduced the memory disk, or floppy disk, which was an 8-inch floppy plastic disk coated with iron oxide. Its removable disk packs were sealed and included the head and arm assembly. The IBM 3340 Direct Access Storage Facility, code-named Winchester, was introduced in March 1973 for use with IBM System/370. In 1980, IBM produced the first gigabyte-capacity disk drive, the 3380. Since opening at the end of 2013, over 5,000 children have visited the Centre. We used floppy disks and cassettes mostly as paper tape replacements, but we also appreciated and exploited the random access nature of disks. In 1961, it invented drive heads in the form of airfoils that hovered just above the surface of the disks, which is the standard for today. Our expert industry analysis and practical solutions help you make better buying decisions and get more from technology. . Disk media diameter was initially 24 inches, but over time it has been reduced to today's 3.5-inch and 2.5-inch standard sizes. Each hard drive plater is divided . A micro Winchester is a memory storage device for personal computers that uses a 5 1/4-inch metal memory disk. 1996-2023 Ziff Davis, LLC., a Ziff Davis company. PrairieTek released the first 2.5-inch hard drive in 1988, designed for use in notebook computers. As opposed to other solutions, no new drive type or special software was required that impeded adoption, since all that was necessary was an already common USB port. The .300 Winchester Magnum is a magnum cartridge designed to fit in a standard length action. Surviving manufacturers are Seagate, Toshiba and Western Digital (WD) with Toshiba as the senior participant having entered the market in 1977,[57] twenty years after IBM started the market. The 1960s. In 1994, the company Iomega introduced the first Zip drive. This advance meant that the heads could be kept closer to the platters, increasing storage density. IBM was also innovating at the time, creating a cheap floppy disk drive, and the IBM 3340 hard disk unit (a Winchester disk), which had a recording head that sat on a cushion of air 18 millionths of . 1979 IBM 0680 Piccolo 64.5 megabytes, six 8-inch disks, first 8-inch HDD, 1988 PrairieTek 220 20 megabytes, two 2.5-inch disks, first 2.5-inch HDD, 1989 Jimmy Zhu and H. Neal Bertram from, 1990 IBM 0681 "Redwing" 857 megabytes, twelve 5.25-inch disks. The disk is essentially a platter made of aluminum or other base material, coated with iron-oxide or other magnetizable . In 1890 they introduced the .22 Winchester Rimfire cartridge (now obsolete). With a load of less than 20 grams, the ferrite read/write head patented by team member Mike Warner started and stopped in contact with the disk on a dedicated landing zone but flew over the disk on an air bearing 18 microinches thick between the magnetic head and spinning disk. The "30-30" storage capacities led to the Winchester nickname after the Winchester 30-30 rifle. [54]:Table 7 In the 1980s US firms, beginning with Seagate, began to shift production to Singapore and then other locations in southeast Asia. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. They can How To Defend Yourself Against Identity Theft. (2021, February 16). 2 pages . [3] Subsequently there was a period of about 20 years in which other technologies competed with disks in the secondary storage marketplace, for example tape strips, e.g., NCR CRAM, tape cartridges, e.g., IBM 3850, and drums, e.g., Burroughs B430, UNIVAC FASTRAND, but all ultimately were displaced by HDDs. removal storage is known as winchester disk . Future hard drives after the 3340 began to use this as a standard for hard drive development. In 1975, the model 5100 was an entirely self-contained, portable computer system - probably the first ever. The earliest drives were usable only in the protected environment of a data center. Updated on: May 24, 2021 Another term for hard disk drive. [52] There have been at least 221 companies manufacturing hard disk drives[53][54][55][56] but most of that industry has vanished through bankruptcy or mergers and acquisitions. The term for hard disk drive. The Winchester Disk IBM's Winchester disk was a removable cartridge, . An early removable disk drive from IBM that put the heads and platters (disks) in a sealed unit for greater speed. This technology and its derivatives remained the standard through 2011. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. IBM released Microdrive in 1998, which stored 340MB of data on one 1-inch disk platter. Turn of the millennium 1868. It had three types of data modules: 35 megabytes, 70 megabytes, and 70 megabytes of which 0.5 megabyte were accessible with fixed heads. It was introduced in 1962 using the IBM 1316 disk pack to store two million characters. A Winchester disk is a Disk Stack. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". In 1971, IBM introduced the first "memory disk," better known today as the "floppy disk." It was an 8-inch flexible plastic disk coated with magnetic iron oxide. [7] A variant, the IBM 355 Disk File, was simultaneously announced with the IBM RAM 650 computer,[8] an enhancement to the IBM 650. Derived from the original specification of a system having two spindles each with a disk capacity of 30 MB, Haughton is reported to have said: "If it's a 30-30, then it must be a Winchester" after the .30-30 Winchester rifle cartridge. The 1982 NTT "PATTY" HDD was helium filled but was considered a failure at least in part due to helium leakage, see: Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 05:17, "IBM Archives: IBM 1301 disk storage unit", "Data Storage, Data Backup and Storage Virtualization: Walking Through 50 Years of Hard Disk Drive History (slide 6)", "IBM Archives: IBM 3340 direct access storage facility", "Fujitsu to Split Off HDD Business in Reorganization", "Thailand Flooding Cripples Hard-Drive Suppliers", "Western Digital's flood-hit Thailand ops to hurt company", "Farming hard drives: how Backblaze weathered the Thailand drive crisis", "IDF: Western Digital demonstrates 5mm thick hard disks", "Worldwide unit shipments of hard disk drives (HDD) from 1976 to 2022 (in millions)", "Western Digital's 22TB hard drives are available to buy", "HDD competitors enter the market, Bryant Computer Products introduces units storing up to 205MB", "IBM Arrchives: IBM 3380 direct access storage device", "Seagate - Maximize data's potential | Seagate US", "First serial ATA drives hit store shelves", "Seagate Ships Second Serial ATA Drive - ExtremeTech", "Seagate and Intel Demonstrate First Serial ATA Hard Drive at PC Expo; Seagate to Ship Serial ATA Product This Fall | News Archive | Seagate US", "Toshiba: Press Releases 14 December, 2004", "Western Digital shipping high-speed 2TB hard drive", "Transition to Advanced Format 4K Sector Hard Drives", "TDK Finally Crams 2TB on One 3.5-inch HDD Platter", "FTC: Western Digital and Hitachi must give assets and IP rights to Toshiba (update: sale approved)", "Toshiba Expands Product Portfolio with 3.5-Inch Client Hard Disk Drives ", Decades of Proven Research Underpin Seagates Helium Drive, "HGST ships first 6TB helium-filled hard drives", "HGST Announces Radically New, Helium-Filled Hard Disk Drive Platform - HGST", "Helium Drives Cloud Storage", Computer History Museum, Data Storage Milestone, "Seagate Delivers On Technology Milestone: First To Ship Hard Drives Using Next-Generation Shingled Magnetic Recording", "HISTORY: List of 221 Companies in HDD Manufacturing Since 1956", "Sustaining Competitive Advantage in Global Industries: Technological Change and Foreign Assembly in the Hard Disk Drive Industry", "A Quarter Century of Disk File Innovation", A brief history of hard drives, retrieved 2014 Jan 11, Timeline, 50 years of hard drives retrieved 2010 Nov 25, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hard_disk_drives&oldid=1141857917. reference room, Storage product In 1956, the first hard drive to be sold commercially was invented by IBM. The term Winchester comes from an early type of disk drive developed by IBM that had 30MB of fixed storage and 30MB of removable storage; so its inventors called it a Winchester in honor of its 30/30 rifle. Because of this 30/30 configuration, the code name Winchester was selected after the famous Winchester .30-30 rifle; subsequently the capacities were increased, but the code name stuck. Until IBM introduced its disk-pack architecture in 1962, it was . What is a Winchester disk? The RA81 is a DEC disk drive, introduced in 1982.It is a moving head (SDI Winchester) fixed disk drive.It has a non-removable media using a head/disk assembly (HDA) with a capacity of 456 Mbytes. Winchester's fortunes however, began to decline during the 12th and 13th centuries as power and prestige gradually shifted to the new capital in London, including the relocation of the royal mint. One of the greatest repeating rifles of all time was introduced to an appreciative market in 1892, when Winchester brought out its brand-new, John-Browning-designed Model 1892 lever gun. Synonyms for Winchester drives in Free Thesaurus. A disk pack is a layered grouping of hard disk platters (circular, rigid discs coated with a magnetic data storage surface). However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. What made this drive significant is the technique where the read/write heads would rise or lift off from the disk while the disk increased and lowered when the disk decelerated. 2010: 3TB External Hard Drive. The trio just happened to be at a bar when Wang motioned to a drink napkin and stated "about that size," which happened to be 5 1/4-inches wide. These floppies were encased in hard plastic, but the name stayed the same. Eventually that term fell out of favor for the easier to type "Hard Disk." The Winchester name came directly from the famous rifle, as IBM announced a 30 Meg removable over a 30 Meg sealed disk (presumably for backups) and called it a "30-30." So, this is a pre-Winchester "disk drive" posing next to its distant cousins. and a mechanism for establishing a correspondence between these and the hardware devices. In 1961, the IBM 1301 Disk Storage Unit was released, which utilized heads that floated on a thin layer of air. There were some conditional commands (like IF DISK) for use in batch files. 1 What is the primary feature of a Winchester disk? Following a development effort that began in the summer of 1969, the IBM 3340 disk unit was introduced in March 1973 with an advanced disk technology known as "Winchester. Hard drives of today Its removable disk packs were sealed and included the head and arm assembly. Introduced in 1973 as the model 3340, the drive had one permanent and one removable spindle, each holding 30MB. The Seagate company was founded in 1979 and IBM introduced its "Piccolo" drive, storing 64MB over eight disks. [4] US Patent 3,503,060 issued March 24, 1970, and arising from the IBM RAMAC program is generally considered to be the fundamental patent for disk drives.[5]. The floppy disk was invented by IBM engineers led by Alan Shugart. The IBM 1311 contained 6 disks and could hold 2.6MB of data. "Disc-storage innovations keep coming while manufacturers ponder user needs". 1TB External Hard Drive is introduced. 1974 - IBM 62GV Gulliver, introduced the Swinging Arm Actuator, adopted for all HDD in the 1980s. The disks also had a 30 ms access time, and lubricated coating allowing the heads to remain in contact with the surface when rotation speed changes. A Winchester disk is a Disk Stack. Winchester disk IBM manufactured magnetic disk storage devices from 1956 to 2003, when it sold its hard disk drive business to Hitachi. Property of TechnologyAdvice. The term Winchester comes from an early type of disk drive developed by IBM that had 30 MB of fixed storage and 30MB of removable storage; so its inventors called it a Winchester in honor of its 30/30 rifle. Additional drives can be connected to a controller to increase the data storage capacity. These massive units stood 52 inches (1.3m) tall, 70 inches (1.8m) long, and 70 inches (1.8m) wide, and had up to 26 platters, each 39 inches (0.99m) in diameter, rotating at up to 1,200rpm. Our unit was marketed by Watford Electronics for use with the BBC Micro and has a serial number of M00612232. It had 30 MB of fixed and 30 MB of removable storage; thus earning its nickname after the Winchester 30-30 rifle. Today, recordable CDs/DVDs, flash drives and cloud drives have since replaced floppies as the primary means of transporting files from one computer to another computer. Engineers Jim Adkisson and Don Massaro were discussing the size with An Wang of Wang Laboratories. Not only was the sealed disk protected against dirt, the R/W head could also fly on a thin air film, very close to the platter. The IBM 350 drive had fifty 24-inch (0.6m) platters, with a total capacity of five million 6-bit characters (3.75 megabytes). The structure of the software evolved from Gary Hornbuckle's 1968 paper "Multiprocessing Monitor for Small Machines" and from PDP8-based systems I worked on at Berkeley Scientific Laboratories (BSL) in the late 1960s. [54]:Table 10 Today the three remaining firms all produce their units in the Pacific Rim. . What is the pie shaped wedge of a hard disk called? Computer data was written to and read from the disk's surface. The "Winchester" program pioneered the use of low cost, low-mass, low-load, landing heads with lubricated disks, becoming the dominant technology for at least . Our operating system had a set of logical devices (source input, listing output, error output, binary output, etc.) The first IBM "disk pack" introduced as the IBM 1311 in 1963 had a capacity of just 2 MB, each pack with 6 double-sided platters. In a span of seven years, 1983 to 1990, Singapore became the single largest location of HDD production, amounting to 55% of worldwide production. Kenneth E. Haughton, who led the 3340 development effort, is reported to have said: "If it's a 30-30, then it must be a Winchester. The term Winchester comes from an early type of disk drive developed by IBM that had 30MB of fixed storage and 30MB of removable storage; so its inventors called it a Winchester in honor of its 30/30 rifle. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Mary Bellis covered inventions and inventors for ThoughtCo for 18 years. Primary storage (also known as main memory ) is the component of the computer that holds data , programs and instructions that are currently in use. As of May 2022, the largest hard drive is 26TB (while SSDs can be much bigger at 100TB, mainstream consumer SSDs cap at 8 TB). 1982 - At the West Coast Computer Faire, Davong Systems introduces its 5MB Winchester Disk Drive for the IBM PC, for US$2000. In 1973, IBM introduced the IBM 3340 "Winchester" disk drive, the first significant commercial use of low mass and low load heads with lubricated platters. What is the primary feature of a Winchester disk? The IBM 2311 Disk Storage Drive was introduced with the 2841 Control Unit in 1964 for use throughout the IBM System/360; . The same year, IBM sold its data storage division to Hitachi. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Capacities begin at 5 Mbytes to 900 Mbytes. The simple design of the 62GV (Gulliver) drive,[14] invented at IBM's UK Hursley Labs, became IBM's most licensed electro-mechanical invention[15] of all time, being adopted in the 1980s for all HDDs, and still used nearly 40 years and 10 billion arms later. Other articles where Winchester disk is discussed: computer: Secondary memory: with fixed platters known as Winchester disksperhaps because the first ones had two 30-megabyte platters, suggesting the Winchester 30-30 rifle. Controls both 5 1/4" and 3 1/2" ST506/412 type Winchester disk drives 32-bit ECC on both ID and data fields Variable sector sizes of 256 bytes, 512 bytes, and 1K bytes Support of a high-speed data search Lexar JumpDrive P30 USB 3.2 Flash Drive Review, Kingston IronKey Vault Privacy 50 Encrypted USB Flash Drive Review, MSI RadiX AXE6600 WiFi 6E Tri-Band Gaming Router Review. [9] A single head assembly having two heads was used for access to all the platters, yielding an average access time of just under 1 second. In 1963, the company revealed its Model 5 IBM 1311 Disk Storage Drive . IBM first introduced it as a 8-in diskette in 1971. The IBM3340 hard disk drive (HDD) that began shipping in November 1973 pioneered new low-cost, low-load, landing read/write heads with lubricated disks, and established what became the dominant HDD technology. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The following interview was done with Richard Mateosian, who developed a floppy disk operating system for the first "floppies." WINCHESTER DISK. 4 words related to Winchester: Winchester College, Hampshire, rifle, trademark. "Winchester disk" . ", 1-2 of These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The Winchester disk drive was first introduced by IBM in 1973 with the initial shipment of the IBM model 3340 disk drive. The IBM 1301 Disk Storage Unit,[10] announced in 1961, introduced the usage of heads having self-acting air bearings (self-flying heads) with one head per each surface of the disks. Another term for hard disk drive. The IBM3340 hard disk drive (HDD) that began shipping in November 1973 pioneered new low-cost, low-load, landing read/write heads with lubricated disks, and established what became the dominant HDD technology. . In 1974 IBM introduced the "Swinging arm" actuator, made possible because Winchester recording heads function well when skewed to the recorded tracks. Advertise with TechnologyAdvice on Webopedia and our other IT-focused platforms. 1996 Disk Trend Report Rigid Disk Drives, Figure 2 Unit Shipment Summary, "NEW PRODUCT ANNOUNCEMENT- IBM 305 RAMAC," IBM Announcement Letter 256-114, September 4, 1956, "NEW PRODUCT ANNOUNCEMENT- RAM 650," IBM Announcement Letter 256-117, September 4, 1956, {"Design of a Swinging Arm Actuator for a disk file" J. S. HEATH IBM J. RES. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. In 1964, the IBM 2311 was the first standardized disk drive, which could be used across multiple versions of the System/360 computer. The Winchester disk file's low-cost head-slider structure made it feasible to use two heads per surface, cutting the stroke length in half. ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/invention-of-the-floppy-disk-1991405. 1970 was also the first year that error correction was built into hard drives. Reviewing the history of the disk drive market in 1998, industry analyst Disk/Trend president James Porter described the 1980 introduction of the Seagate ST506 5.25-inch 5MB unit as the model "that created the biggest change in the industry.". This technology and its derivatives remained the standard through 2011. Later generations progressively reached factories, offices and homes, eventually becoming ubiquitous. Bellis, Mary. - The product was recently introduced and there are no new drivers available. In 1983, the first 3.5 inch hard drive was produced by Scottish company, Rodime. All Rights Reserved Project head Kenneth Haughton named it after the Winchester 30-30 rifle because it was planned to have two 30MB spindles; however, the actual product shipped with two spindles for data modules of either 35MB or 70MB. The floppy disk was considered a revolutionary device in the "history of computers" due to its portability, which provided a new and easy physical means of transporting data from computer to computer. It was an 8-inch flexible plastic disk coated with magnetic iron oxide. Magnetic Head Development specifications of key IBM models (Retrieved on 1.31.15 from: Harker, J., et. 1873. The 3340 featured a smaller, lighter read/write head that could ride closer to the disk surface -- on an air film 18 millionths of an inch thick -- with a load of less than 20 grams. 1986 saw the introduction of the SCSI interface standard, which was used by Apples Mac Plus computer. The significance of this product, and the reason that disk drives in general became known as "Winchester technology" had nothing to do with the configuration of the product. In 1973 the IBM Winchester Drive was introduced with three removable, sealed data modules. Access time was 25 millisecond and data transferred at 885 kB/s. What are the Disadvantages of compact disk? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. A disk pack is a layered grouping of hard disk platters (circular, rigid discs coated with a magnetic data storage surface). "Proposal Random Access File," A. J. Critchlow, IBM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY, San Jose, California, February 6, 1953. Winchester disk . But it was clear that smaller Winchester storage systems were eclipsing large platter hard drives. 1980s The era of home computing After numerous references to it as the 30-30, it was nicknamed the "Winchester" because of its resemblance to the similar caliber of a popular Winchester rifle dating . This technology and its derivatives remained the sta. Help support the museum by buying from the museum shop, Tel : +44 (0) 1223 214446Donations: collection@computinghistory.org.ukOther Email: admin@computinghistory.org.uk. FLOPPY DISK. One interesting story about the 5 1/4-inch floppy disk was the way the disk size was decided. The cost per megabyte of Winchester drives was 30 percent less than the cost of disk-pack drives of equivalent capacity. The disks were 8 inches in diameter and had a capacity of 200K. Up until now, in this segment, the two main leaders, Syquest and Ricoh had reached 44 and 50MB respectively. It demonstrated a significant advance in technology, allowing an increase in recording density to 300 tracks per inch and 5600 bits per inch. The IBM Model 3350 (1975) turned the data module into a non-removable head disk assembly of 317 MB capacity that some observers have called the real Winchester and that has remained the fundamental HDD packaging concept to the present day. Industry participation peaked with about 75 active manufacturers in 1985 and then declined thereafter even though volume continued to climb: by 1989 reaching 22 million units and US$23 billion in revenue. How chemistry is important in our daily life? Winchester Disk. It had a capacity of 5MB and cost $1,500. By the 1990s the dollar value of magnetic recording devices produced by companies located in California's "Silicon Valley" exceeded the dollar value of semiconductor devices produced there leading some to suggest that a more appropriate name for this area would be "Iron Oxide Valley," after the magnetic material coating the disks. What are the conflicts in A Christmas Carol? The drive's total capacity, depending on the number of platters installed, was up to 205,377,600 bytes (205MB).[11][12]. Since that first disk drive, technological advances have been made at an astonishing rate, with data capacity increasing and size and price decreasing exponentially, year on year. This was in conjunction with the introduction of the Model 1890 pump-action rifle. Why is the hard disk referred to as a fixed drive? Western Digital (first named General Digital Corporation) was founded in California in 1970. 1990s computers become portable Advertiser Disclosure: Some of the products that appear on this site are from companies from which TechnologyAdvice receives compensation. It does not store any personal data. Al Shugart identified this new Winchester head as one of the four most significant developments in mass storage. It was followed in 1963 by the IBM 1302, with 4 times the capacity. Introduced in 1973 as the model 3340, the drive had one permanent and one removable spindle, each holding 30MB. First HDD with, 1991 IBM 0663 "Corsair" 1,004 megabytes, eight 3.5-inch disks; first HDD using, 1991 Integral Peripherals 1820 "Mustang" 21.4 megabytes, one 1.8-inch disk, first 1.8-inch HDD, 1992 Seagate ships the first 7,200-rpm hard drive, the Barracuda, 1994 IBM introduces Laser Textured Landing Zones (LZT), 1996 Seagate ships the first 10,000-rpm hard drive, the Cheetah, 1997 IBM Deskstar 16GB "Titan" 16,800 megabytes, five 3.5-inch disks; first (, 1997 Seagate introduces the first hard drive with fluid bearings, 1998 UltraDMA/33 and ATAPI standardized, 2000 Seagate ships the first 15,000-rpm hard drive, the Cheetah X15, 2004 MK2001MTN first 0.85-inch drive released by, 2005 Seagate introduces Tunnel MagnetoResistive Read Sensor (TMR) and Thermal Spacing Control, 2006 First 200 GB 2.5-inch hard drive utilizing, 2009 Western Digital ships first HDD with dual stage piezoelectric actuator, 2010 First hard drive manufactured by using the.

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