sustainable business model theory

First, the number of articles in the sample sets the scope of the review. On the one hand, the insights gathered in this review about past achievements ideally push scholars to reflect more on their research designs and sectoral and geographical focus of their future work. PubMed/NCBI Merli R, Preziosi M. The EMAS impasse: Factors influencing Italian organizations to withdraw or renew the registration. Google Scholar, 69. View Article This study aims to map scientific publications, intellectual structure and research trends in the sustainable business model (SBM) field. PubMed/NCBI 2017;167:1546-65. Hahn R, Spieth P, Ince I. View Article The focus on the energy sector can be expected in light of the relevance of SBMs in this sector. Google Scholar, 31. View Article [4] offer a categorization of business model innovations which results in SBM archetypes that describe the mechanisms and solutions that can help firms embed sustainability in their business models and Evans et al. This article belongs to the Virtual Special Issue "Corporate Sustainability". Drawing on a qualitative content analysis of 104 articles published in the period 20082019, the main aim of the article is to analyze (1) the central characteristics of studies within the SBM field to date, and (2) promising avenues for further research by the SBM community. For instance, in Chapter 2 there is a letter from the former Ph.D. student to her supervisor asking for advice on a water contamination issue. Such a study makes it possible to see the wood for the trees and find an answer to the question of what have we done and where to go next? as a broader SBM community. Google Scholar, 76. [5] refer to the potential of quantitative techniques in the context of experiments and simulations which so far are scarce in this literature (but see [75]). Google Scholar, 88. 2018;175:82-95. The effect of sustainability in the adoption of technological, service, and business model innovations. Massa L, Tucci CL, Afuah A. This paper analyzed and systematized the characteristics and focus of SBM research to date. Bocken et al. Sustain. Its key contributions are: (1) a review of the key underlying concepts, discussing their similarities and differences and offer new definitions where there is an identified need; (2) we identify a research gap; and (3) we deduct research questions to address the gap. If you think you should have access to this content, click to contact our support team. Rather than providing an expert review based on ad hoc selection, this study adopts a systematic review approach similar to the work of Dawkins et al. Developing and implementing circular economy business models in service-oriented technology companies. 2018;174:905-16. The studys main findings around dominating research designs (qualitative), sectoral focus (energy, manufacturing, food and beverage), geographical focus (northwestern Europe) and a future research agenda contribute to our understanding of the achievements of the SBM literature to date and offer insights into where the field could move next. Google Scholar, 93. 7 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2021.688943, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Google Scholar, 51. 2017;26(5):597-608. In what follows, first a brief overview of the key descriptive findings related to the first main research question and related sub-questions are discussed. How do SBMs differ across sectors, countries, cultures, regulatory environments, business systems, types of firms (e.g., large vs small; challenger vs. incumbent; private vs. public; profit vs. non-profit etc.) View Article Tranfield D, Denyer D, Smart P. Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. Finally, emphasis is put on the wider system in which a SBM is embedded. 2017;144:299-312. Ferreira, J.J., Fernandes, C.I., Veiga, P.M. and Hughes, M. (2022), "Prevailing theoretical approaches predicting sustainable business models: a systematic review", International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. The researchers first individually analyzed 15 articles and cross-referenced outcomes to ensure similar understanding of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using economic terms and tools, such as the externalities and the Kuznets curve, the environmental and social perspectives are integrated with economic growth and complement the core ethics, responsibility, and sustainability themes meeting the needs of a broad business higher education curriculum, as emphasized by Stough et al. Relevant financial and non-financial indicators should be examined in more detail to guide the measurement of SBM effects [50]. Google Scholar, 64. 2016;135:1474-86. 2017;140:144-54. View Article View Article <> More research is needed also on stakeholders whose input is critical for the business framework and resolution of the firms problems [62]. [7] focuses on SBM innovations and bridging the design-implementation gap. Second but related, SBM scholars could investigate both the financial and non-financial value being created or destroyed, and distributed among stakeholders. Google Scholar, 73. Unlocking the potential of broad, horizontal curricular assessments for ethics, responsibility and sustainability in business and economics higher education. To be included in the sample, the core of the article must refer to SBMs, BMfS or BMIfS. Hoboken (NJ, US): John Wiley & Sons; 2010. Google Scholar, 56. 6, 203218. J Clean Prod. 2018;172:4514-31. PubMed/NCBI Environ. View Article Total Qual. View Article At the same time, the theoretical grounding of the SBM research program remains a concern. Geissdoerfer M, Bocken NMP, Hultink EJ. View Article : +31-20-5987-614. 2019;220:553-67. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Bocken NMP, Short S, Rana P, Evans S. A value mapping tool for sustainable business modelling. Next, in this methods section first the relevant studies are selected based on a rigorous search process and inclusion and exclusion criteria, after which a description of the data analysis and qualitative content analysis is discussed. Investigating the additional value added provided by a SBM would provide information on its positive and negative effects [18]. The second selection criterion was reference to the concept of sustainability combined with triple bottom line (economic, environmental and social); reference to sustainability combined only with financial viability meant the article was excluded. The titles, keywords and abstracts of all 195 articles were read to ensure compliance with all of these criteria. Rajala R, Westerlund M, Lampikoski T. Environmental sustainability in industrial manufacturing: Re-examining the greening of Interfaces business model. This work is financed by national funds through FCT - Fundao para a Cincia e a Tecnologia, I. P., under the project UIDB/04630/2020. Google Scholar, 61. PubMed/NCBI Rossignoli F, Lionzo A. View Article Boons and Ldeke-Freund [13] focus on the interrelations between the sustainable innovation and business model literatures. Finally, rather than assuming that SBMs lead to successful organizations and a more sustainable society, scholars should investigate the outcomes and impact of SBMs. 2018;172:46-55. PubMed/NCBI Hsieh HF, Shannon SE. This selection process was conducted with help of three research assistants, to resolve single coding issues. Roorda, N. (2020). 2013;45:9-19. The focus was on articles published in high quality scholarly journals examining SBMs. Elo S, Kyngs H. The qualitative content analysis process. Schaltegger S, Ldeke-Freund F, Hansen EG. Searching in title, abstract and keywords yielded 1093 results. Khavul S, Bruton GD. [29], Karlsson et al. Excellence 32, 489500. A fast growing stream of literature within the broad realm of corporate sustainability that has emerged as a result of this recognition involves work on sustainable business models (SBMs) [59] (In addition to SBM, authors use sustainability business model, business model for sustainability, sustainable business model innovation and business model innovation for sustainability. Mendoza JMF, Gallego-Schmid A, Azapagic A. PubMed/NCBI Perey R, Benn S, Agarwal R, Edwards M. The place of waste: Changing business value for the circular economy. J Clean Prod. As insightfully analyzed by Ldeke-Freund and Dembek [24], the debate is ongoing on whether SBM is, or should become, a stand-alone field, a sub-field of a different domain or an integrative field that depends on and at the same time goes beyond established fields. The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models. One of these challenging topics is risk materiality, which is a rather ambiguous concept. PubMed/NCBI Long Range Plan. Google Scholar, 52. For instance, the EU regulatory framework on company law and corporate governance is missing. Kozlowski A, Searcy C, Bardecki M. The reDesign canvas: Fashion design as a tool for sustainability. J Clean Prod. First, a descriptive overview of all 104 articles was made which included title, author(s), year of publication and outlet. A deeper understanding is needed about how companies need to evolve and what they need to do to create value in addition to monetary value. Google Scholar, 63. PubMed/NCBI View Article PubMed/NCBI 2019;207:1084-98. That is, when reflecting on what the articles in this studys sample omitted, i.e., the unsaid, in particular the relatively underexplored theoretical embeddedness of SBM studies becomes apparent. J Manag. Engert S, Rauter R, Baumgartner R. Exploring the integration of corporate sustainability into strategic management: a literature review. PubMed/NCBI First, a broadening of scope and methods would be useful. Bocken NMP, Short SW, Rana P, Evans S. A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. [31] suggest a focus on both case studies and large scale surveys in other industries and countries to test these differences. The key search terms used to identify the data take account of the fact that different authors use different terminology to refer to SBMs. [52] and Agositini and Nosella [53]. View Article Insights from case studies can help managers to identify substitutes and to choose the most suitable business model option [63]. A better understanding is needed of the internal and external contingencies required to provide a context conducive to a SBM. A Book Review on Foundations of Sustainable Business: Theory, Function, and Strategy, Nada R. Sanders, John D. Wood (Wiley Global Education US), 2019, 2nd Edition, 352 pages, ISBN: 978-1-119-57755-3. PubMed/NCBI Prieto-Sandoval, V., Jaca, C., Santos, J., Baumgartner, R. J., and Ormazabal, M. (2019). Oftentimes borrowing from the general business model literature, work on SBMs examines the integration in the business model of sustainability objectives to increase competitive advantage. Total Qual. Second, while the first contribution is clearly one that breathes positive encouragement, the second contribution this study seeks to make is more critical and contains a message of caution and concern. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Next, axial coding identified interconnections between the first order codes, and a first set of generic categories was established. 2014;344(6186):838-43. Dawkins E, Andr K, Axelsson K, Benoist L, Swartling AG, Persson A. 2017;147:175-86. View Article Google Scholar, 47. endobj J Clean Prod. The Introduction to Sustainable Business is followed by the Perspectives in the second chapter, where the business case for sustainability is identified based on a holistic view of companies within a social, environmental and economic context. View Article View Article International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. View Article Also, integration of a comprehensive life cycle sustainability assessment into a SBM will be required to assess the impact of the SBM from a triple bottom line perspective [89]. The three roles of business models in societal transitions: New linkages between business model and transition research. The literature was analyzed using qualitative content analysis [56], a method commonly used for literature reviews [54,57] and well suited to the systematic classification process of coding and identifying themes or patterns [58]. 2010;43(2):172-94. Copyright 2021 Gianni. 2017;11(1):73-104. J Clean Prod. There is a stream of work which aims for consensus around a definition of SBM [7,8]. A dominant focus in many SBM studies is also clear. The editor and reviewer's affiliations are the latest provided on their Loop research profiles and may not reflect their situation at the time of review. What has been the geographical focus of SBM studies? PubMed/NCBI LmV]y\4B(L$ (Faculdade de Cincias Sociais e Humanas, Universidade da Beira Interior and. Google Scholar, 49. However, research suggests that many business model innovations fail. 2017;19(2):131-50. View Article Business model innovation for circular economy and sustainability: A review of approaches. Their number has grown particularly since 2016, with over 80% of the articles in the period published after that date. J Clean Prod. In addition to the useful and insightful existing case studies, it would be informative to employ quantitative or mixed-methods to establish causalities, correlations and generalizations which are more difficult, yet not impossible, to derive from qualitative case studies. Psychology, science, and knowledge construction: Broadening perspectives from the replication crisis. PubMed/NCBI 2018;190:712-21. `Hnr9.V! Overall, these findings offer relevant contributions to the SBM literature and how it can help advance sustainable development. Therefore, more quantitative research is needed to shed a better light on causalities, correlations and generalizations and bring SBM research to a greater stage of maturity [5]. J Sustain Res. 2018;174:746-62. 2016;29(1):11-35. PubMed/NCBI Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan. endobj 2014;65:42-56. PubMed/NCBI Organiz Environ. 2018;172:4565-79. Joyce A, Paquin RL. Finding 2: Dominant empirical focus on the energy, manufacturing and food sectors. that are involved [4,30,52]. 2019;219:865-78. View Article View Article Bus. PubMed/NCBI E%. 2003;14(3):207-22. Boons F, Montalvo C, Quist J, Wagner M. Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview. View Article The focus here is on understanding business model innovation and the change and learning processes involved as business models are developed and transformed [23,4447]. PubMed/NCBI For instance, Stubbs and Cocklin [15] examine Interface, a carpet manufacturer which is the subject also of the paper by Rajala et al. 2008;21(2):103-27. PubMed/NCBI Bus Strat Environ. As implied by their headlines, all the chapters of the book highlight the common subsets between key parts of a business administration curriculum with sustainability issues. Visit emeraldpublishing.com/platformupdate to discover the latest news and updates, Answers to the most commonly asked questions here. PubMed/NCBI The authors are not being judgmental or passively negative to the past and current sustainability shortcomings, but they are rather focusing on what can and should be done by fostering a creative and active standpoint. [38] look at distributed energy ecosystems; Gaulthier and Gilomen [44] examine energy efficiency in urban districts; and Tolkamp et al. J Clean Prod. (Centre for Corporate Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Instituto Politcnico de Viseu e Universidade Catlica Portuguesa and. Google Scholar, 92. Google Scholar, 91. However, there are various positions towards understanding the concept [7]. Scholars should analyze both the financial and non-financial forms of value which are created or destroyed, and distributed among stakeholders by SBMs, and the indicators that can measure these forms of value. View Article View Article [6] examine successful adoption of SBMs through business model innovations. View Article 2019;231:1450-62. PubMed/NCBI Jinkut and Staniskis [42] develop a new type of SBM: the SUstainable and RESponsible COMpany (SURESCOM) model while Joyce and Paquin [43] develop the triple layer business model canvas tool and describe its key features. Science. Koberg E, Longoni A. Organiz Environ. Following this, there was discussion about the selection, especially in cases where there were some doubts or where opinions differed about inclusion or exclusion in the research. J Clean Prod. J Clean Prod. However, sometimes the reader feels that the legislation on companies' sustainable operations is US-focused. As examined above, applying different research designs and adopting a different empirical focus in terms of geography and sector would provide more robust and generalizable insights which would advance both our understanding of SBMs and the practical impact and resonance of SBM research. In this paper the term sustainable business model (SBM) is used). [47] which focuses on the greening of the firms business model. Google Scholar, 86. PubMed/NCBI [50] review approaches to business model innovation for a circular economy and/or sustainability, and the review of Geissdoerfer et al. J Clean Prod. J Clean Prod. These features were the research design and methods used, the countries and industries studied and the geographical clustering of the SBM research community. In general, it is acknowledged that the business model refers to how the firm makes a profit, and that the manner by which the enterprise delivers value to customers, entices customers to pay for value, and converts those payments to profit [27] is an essential part of the firms business model. Recent accounts about the dire state of our planet [1] and persistent social injustice, poverty and inequality [2,3] highlight the need to find more sustainable pathways. J Clean Prod. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.44 841.68] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>> 2019;225:806-19. In addition to creating shareholder value, fundamental to the SBM is that it also considers employees, local communities, suppliers and the impact of the firm on society and the environment, or on nature more generally [4,15,37]. View Article [49] set out to explore and identify critical success factors and barriers for the transition from traditional business models to business models for sustainability. Stough, T., Ceulemans, K., and Cappuyns, V. (2021). Business Model Innovation for Sustainability: Towards a Unified Perspective for Creation of Sustainable Business Models. A critical assessment of business model research. 2018;177:378-86. Google Scholar, 80. 2016;29(3):264-89. View Article Moreover, which conceptual models and underlying mechanisms help to better understand the development, implementation and management of SBMs? Google Scholar, 22. Piscicelli L, Ludden GDS, Cooper T. What makes a sustainable business model successful? [32] argue, a singular focus on the financial aspects of the value proposition, and value creation, capture and delivery can lead to the social and environmental harm inflicted being overlooked. In more words, the authors manage to tackle the complexity of corporate sustainability following a transdisciplinary approach. J Manag Stud. View Article University students are the common factor in the equation balancing the objectives of academic institutions and companies. 2008;62(1):107-15. J Clean Prod. J Clean Prod. The following keywords, and their variations, were chosen to ensure complete coverage of the literature: Sustainab* Business Model*; Business Model* for Sustainab*; Business Model Innovation AND Sustainab* (while innovation as such is not the focus of this review, some scholars use the label of business model innovations towards sustainability, hence the use of these keywords). Also, the research needs to be conducted in a broader international context [37] which would reveal the different institutional and cultural factors influencing the business model [18,61]. You may be able to access teaching notes by logging in via your Emerald profile. View Article 2018;69:487-510. [76] highlight the wider socio-technical system, Rotondo et al. Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, KU Leuven, Belgium. J Clean Prod. 4 0 obj % Corp Govern. J Clean Prod. Realising sustainable consumption and production in companies: the SUstainable and RESponsible COMpany (SURESCOM) model. SBMs see firms as actors that are connected to and interrelated with other actors in the socio-economic system [13]. Assess. Rotondo F, Corsi K, Giovanelli L. The social side of sustainable business models: An explorative analysis of the low-cost airline industry. Long Range Plan. 2009;461(7263):472-5. Google Scholar, 30. Lubin, D. A., and Esty, D. C. (2010). Living and business organizations can be understood as a unified system that absorb resources in order to add value to the product chain and close the loop following circular economy models (Prieto-Sandoval et al., 2019; Barreiro-Gen and Lozano, 2020). Excellence 32, 467475. Google Scholar, 32. Others focus on the development of theoretical and conceptual frameworks for SBMs, i.e., the anatomy of the SBM [15,34]. Finally, the main dimensions were abstracted through selective coding. Going ones own way: drivers in developing business models for sustainability. J Clean Prod. They combine interviews with site visits to observe the SBM in practice.

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