arctic national wildlife refuge map

It extends from the Beaufort Sea on the north to the Ogilvie Mountains on the south, with the Canadian border forming its eastern boundary. 0000335892 00000 n The study area for the mapping project included 18,510 km2 of the coastal plains and adjacent mountains of the larger Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska. Wedged between the Brooks Range and the coast, it is considered critically important to the ecological integrity of the whole Arctic Refuge, providing essential habitats for numerous internationally important species. Figure 3. 0000605434 00000 n 0000671023 00000 n 0000773267 00000 n 0000736612 00000 n Everett, L. Gaydos, J. The area is bounded by the Canning River to the west, the Alaska-Canada border to the east, the Beaufort Sea to the north, and the Brooks Mountain Range to the south. The study area included 18,510 km2 of the coastal plains and adjacent mountains of the larger ANWR. Interest in the oil resources of northern Alaska began with reports in the early 1900s of surface oil seeps along the Arctic coast east of Point Barrow. Harlequin ducks and red-breasted mergansers are seen on swift-flowing rivers. There is one data file with this data set in GeoTIFF (.tif) format. Wet/Moist SedgeTundra with 10-50% moist inclusions, Moist Sedge-Willow Tundra with 10-50% wet inclusions, Moist Shrub Tundra on high-centered polygons, Unprocessed Pixel Due to Poor Quality Data, Jorgenson_1994_Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge.pdf, A pdf which provides detailed information on the mapping project. %Dr_SmUG7`2[;V|t GhY 3_+. Dominant plants include sheathed Cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum), numerous ericaceous shrubs, dwarf birch (Betua nana) and diamond-leafed willow (Salix planifolia ssp. Project: Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment. Fish such as dolly varden and arctic cisco are found in nearshore waters. 4 0 obj <> endobj 2018-12-31, Data Set Version: The area is bounded by the Canning River to the west, the Alaska-Canada border to the east, the Beaufort Sea to the north, and the Brooks Mountain Range to the south. Sixteen land-cover classes (note that there are 18 listed in the table below since there are 18 listed in the GeoTIFF file. The ice pack is the winter home for polar bear and numerous seals. A map of riparian zones was digitized from active floodplains, islands, and low river terraces identified from aerial photographs. 0000291114 00000 n 0000343078 00000 n 0000001076 00000 n There are two companion files with this data set, which providedetailed information on the mapping project. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Migratory birds and insects flourish here during the brief Arctic summer. McCabe, B.R. pulchra). Along the northern boundary of the refuge, barrier islands, coastal lagoons, salt marshes, and river deltas provide habitat for migratory waterbirds including sea ducks, geese, swans, and shorebirds. Figure 1. The map was derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat TM) data, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), aerial photographs, existing maps, and extensive ground-truthing. [tdc_zone type=tdc_content][vc_row][vc_column][td_block_trending_now limit=3][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row tdc_css=eyJhbGwiOnsiYm9yZGVyLXRvcC13aWR0aCI6IjEiLCJib3JkZXItY29sb3IiOiIjZTZlNmU2In19][vc_column width=2/3][td_block_slide sort=featured limit=3][td_block_2 border_top=no_border_top category_id= limit=6 td_ajax_filter_type=td_category_ids_filter ajax_pagination=next_prev sort=random_posts custom_title=SEA MOSS RECIPES][td_block_1 border_top=no_border_top category_id= sort=random_posts custom_title=SEA MOSS BEAUTY][td_block_ad_box spot_id=custom_ad_1][td_block_15 category_id= limit=8 sort=random_posts custom_title=SEA MOSS HEALTH BENEFITS][/vc_column][vc_column width=1/3][td_block_social_counter custom_title=STAY CONNECTED facebook=tagDiv twitter=tagdivofficial youtube=tagdiv border_top=no_border_top][td_block_9 custom_title=LIFESTYLE border_top=no_border_top category_id= ajax_pagination=next_prev sort=random_posts][td_block_ad_box spot_id=sidebar][td_block_2 sort=random_posts limit=3 category_id= custom_title=SEA MOSS BUSINESS][td_block_title][td_block_10 limit=3 custom_title= border_top=no_border_top tdc_css=eyJhbGwiOnsibWFyZ2luLXRvcCI6Ii0yMCJ9fQ==][/vc_column][/vc_row][/tdc_zone], Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. A popular wilderness route and historic passage exists between the two villages, traversing the refuge and all its ecosystems from boreal, interior forest to Arctic Ocean coast. 0000408667 00000 n 0000837899 00000 n Land Cover and Vegetation Map, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. 0000250618 00000 n The remaining 10.1 million acres (40,900km) of the refuge are designated as "minimal management," a category intended to maintain existing natural conditions and resource values. The map was derived from two Landsat TM images; one from July 7, 1985, and one from July 15, 1986. Users guide for the land-cover map of the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The Arctic coastal plain stretches southward from the coast to the foothills of the Brooks Range. Reitz, M.K. [3] Reserves of oil were also believed to exist in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge protects a pristine and unspoiled environment that spans five different ecological regions. 0000140532 00000 n Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. Five major terrain types had been mapped and described during the making of the 1982 map (Walker et al., 1982). 0000336641 00000 n Archive Center Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. The Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) is a NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program field campaign that will take place in Alaska and western Canada between 2016 and 2021. Land-cover map of the Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 1993. Walker, D.A., W. Acevedo, K.R. During the summer, whales migrate through these waters. Frequent forest fires ignited by lightning result in a complex mosaic of birch, aspen, and spruce forests of various ages. Agreements for both Landsat images were the same. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. [4], Concerns with oil field development within the Refuge include the expected biological consequences:[5], While drilling in Alaska, specifically within the Refuge, remains a point of controversy; what many in the lower 48 states do not realize is the already extensive oil industry already on its North Slope. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. This area of rolling hills, small lakes, and north-flowing, braided rivers is dominated by tundra vegetation consisting of low shrubs, sedges, and mosses. 0000291354 00000 n 0000539845 00000 n Documentation Revision Date: 0000001944 00000 n The refuge consists of 19,300,000acres (78,000km) on Alaska's North Slope. <]/Prev 1334549>> The area includes calving grounds of the migratory Caribou herd and is a nesting habitat for many birds and waterfowl (Jorgenson et al., 1994). 0000001280 00000 n 0000291079 00000 n 0001098459 00000 n 0000903488 00000 n Year-round residents of the boreal forest include moose, lynx, marten, wolverines, black and grizzly bears, and wolves. In the early twenty-first century, this area became a source of controversy between environmentalists and proponents of oil drilling. One of the world's largest industrial complexes, spanning some 1,000 square miles of once-pristine Arctic tundra, the North Slope holds Prudhoe Bay and 26 other oilfields, which include the following:[6], Much of the debate over whether to drill in the Refuge rests on the amount of economically recoverable oil, as it relates to world oil markets, weighed against the potential harm oil exploration might have upon the natural wildlife, in particular the calving ground of the Porcupine caribou. Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment (LBA-ECO), Oregon Transect Ecosystem Research Project (OTTER), Southern African Regional Science Initiative Project (SAFARI 2000), Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS), Vegetation-Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP), International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP II), Atmospheric Tracer Transport Model Intercomparison Project (TransCom), Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (AirMOSS), Atmospheric Carbon and Transport - America (ACT-America), Accelerated Canopy Chemistry Program (ACCP), Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), CARbon Atmosphere Flux Experiment (CARAFE), Coastal Plains of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. Table 5. Webber. 0000176450 00000 n Dall sheep and wolves are active all year, while grizzly bears and arctic ground squirrels are frequently seen during summer but hibernate in winter. Beginning as predominantly treeless tundra with scattered islands of black and white spruce trees, the forest becomes progressively denser as the foothills yield to the expansive flats north of the Yukon River. 42 0 obj <>stream North Slope Borough and Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, blocking, deflecting or disturbing wildlife, loss of subsistence hunting opportunities, increased predation by arctic fox, gulls and ravens on nesting birds due to introduction of garbage as a consistent food source, alteration of natural drainage patterns, causing changes in vegetation, deposition of alkaline dust on tundra along roads, altering vegetation over a much larger area than the actual width of the road, local pollutant haze and acid rain from nitrogen oxides, methane and particulate matter emissions, contamination of soil and water from fuel and oil spills, 28 oil production plants, gas processing facilities, and seawater treatment and power plants, 223 production and exploratory gravel drill pads. Two sets of vegetation field data were acquired; one set for training data and one to assess the map accuracy. trailer 0000216341 00000 n Enlargements were made for 17 areas that represented a variety of vegetation and terrain types. The wildlife refuge is the largest protected Wilderness area in the United States. 0 2018. 0000290491 00000 n Caribou travel here from farther north to spend the winter. These datawere obtained fromthe Alaska Arctic Geoecological Atlas (http://agc.portal.gina.alaska.edu), which provides access toexisting Arctic vegetation plot and map datain support of the ABoVE campaign. These areas were ground truthed by by botanists to determine if corrections needed to be made. Foothills are the most common terrain type in the study area. 0000071489 00000 n Foothills are the most common terrain type in the study area. Located in the eastern part of the Brooks Range, it is home to much of the diverse and spectacular wildlife in the Arctic. The Refuge was created in 1960 during the Eisenhower Administration by Public Land Order 2214. 1. General areas of representative vegetation were identified from color-infrared (CIR) photographs. Imm, T.A., Dillon, J.T., and Bakke, A.A., 1993, Generalized geologic map of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Special Report 42, 1 sheet, scale 1:500,000. https://doi.org/10.14509/2641, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; Derivative; Generalized; Geologic Map; Geology, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Sheet 1, Generalized geologic map of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska, scale 1:500,000, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands). This northernmost extension of the Rocky Mountains marks the Continental divide, with north-flowing rivers emptying into the Arctic Ocean and south-flowing rivers joining the Yukon River. 0001229637 00000 n Arctic Village is a Gwich'in settlement on the east fork of the Chandalar River on the southern boundary of the Refuge. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1384. Neotropical migratory birds breed here in spring and summer, attracted by plentiful food and the variety of habitats. 0000216165 00000 n Secure .gov websites use HTTPS It was created by Public Land Order 2214 "For the purpose of preserving unique wildlife, wilderness and recreational values". The rugged mountains of the Brooks Range are incised by deep river valleys creating a range of elevations and aspects that support a variety of low tundra vegetation, dense shrubs, rare groves of poplar trees on the north side and spruce on the south. Therefore, field sites were chosen based on distributions of vegetation types on the ground, not on distributions of spectral classes from the Landsat-TM images. Wilms. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article Tundra with sedge tussocks and dwarf shrubs covers most foothill uplands. Final changes were made and the two maps were joined (Jorgenson et al., 1994). Establishment of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge followed. The region first became a federal protected area in 1960 by order of Fred Andrew Seaton, Secretary of the Interior under U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. This narrow strip of land includes only 10 percent of the total Refuge acreage, but includes most of the Refuge's coastal plain and arctic foothills ecological zones. During World War II, the entire North Slope of Alaska - 48.8 million acres - was withdrawn from entry under the public land laws and held for exclusive use by the United States government for military purposes. 0000290373 00000 n The Refuge is located in a region of extensive cold, and much of its soils are underlain with permafrost. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The two images were georeferenced to UTM Zones 6 and 7 using a second-order transformation and nearest- neighbor resampling. Generally, visitors gain access to the land by aircraft, but it is also possible to reach the refuge by boat or by walking (the Dalton Highway passes near the western edge of the refuge). Coastal lands and sea ice are used by caribou seeking relief from biting insects during summer, and by polar bears hunting seals and giving birth in snow dens during winter. Brown, and P.J. A grassroots movement seeking to protect this corner of Alaska began in the early 1950s. 0000474256 00000 n ABoVE seeks a better understanding of the vulnerability and resilience of ecosystems and society to this changing environment. These areas are suitable for wilderness designation, although there are presently no proposals to designate them as wilderness. %%EOF Wetlands and south-flowing rivers create openings in the forest canopy. Each year, thousands of waterfowl and other birds nest and reproduce in areas surrounding Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk fields and a healthy and increasing caribou herd migrates through these areas to calve and seek respite from annoying pests. (DAAC). Most field data used to develop the map were collected in the summers of 1989 and 1990 before the Landsat-TM data were classified. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Landsat-assisted environmental mapping in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. The agreement between the final map and 318 independent field samples was 50% for 16 land-cover classes. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge supports a greater variety of plant and animal life than any other protected area in the Arctic Circle. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees, For 30 Years, a Political Battle Over Oil and ANWR, History of the Arctic Refuge as it relates to Oil in Alaska, The Unique Conservation Values of the Arctic Refuge, Potential Impacts of Oil and Gas Development on Refuge Resources. History of "Arctic National Wildlife Refuge", https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge&oldid=1059820, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Jorgenson, J.C., and D.A. Sixteenland-cover classes across the northern coastal plain of the ANWR were mapped according to the following method (for additional details, refer to the companion file Jorgenson_1994_Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge.pdf): These data are available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Land Cover and Vegetation Map, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. CRREL Report 82-27. By the 1950s accelerated resource development caused mounting concern for the region's natural environment and potential loss of habitat. These data provide a record of vegetation and landcover for the time period 1982 - 1993 for the area and could be useful to climate change studies. Wet Graminoid Tundra with moist inclusions in low-centered polygons, with wet sedge in centers and troughs and moist sedge on rims (from Jorgenson et al., 1994). 0000335355 00000 n 0000001475 00000 n Sixteen land-cover types are noted, with a 17th notation for shadow (Jorgenson et al., 1994).

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arctic national wildlife refuge map

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It extends from the Beaufort Sea on the north to the Ogilvie Mountains on the south, with the Canadian border forming its eastern boundary. 0000335892 00000 n The study area for the mapping project included 18,510 km2 of the coastal plains and adjacent mountains of the larger Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska. Wedged between the Brooks Range and the coast, it is considered critically important to the ecological integrity of the whole Arctic Refuge, providing essential habitats for numerous internationally important species. Figure 3. 0000605434 00000 n 0000671023 00000 n 0000773267 00000 n 0000736612 00000 n Everett, L. Gaydos, J. The area is bounded by the Canning River to the west, the Alaska-Canada border to the east, the Beaufort Sea to the north, and the Brooks Mountain Range to the south. The study area included 18,510 km2 of the coastal plains and adjacent mountains of the larger ANWR. Interest in the oil resources of northern Alaska began with reports in the early 1900s of surface oil seeps along the Arctic coast east of Point Barrow. Harlequin ducks and red-breasted mergansers are seen on swift-flowing rivers. There is one data file with this data set in GeoTIFF (.tif) format. Wet/Moist SedgeTundra with 10-50% moist inclusions, Moist Sedge-Willow Tundra with 10-50% wet inclusions, Moist Shrub Tundra on high-centered polygons, Unprocessed Pixel Due to Poor Quality Data, Jorgenson_1994_Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge.pdf, A pdf which provides detailed information on the mapping project. %Dr_SmUG7`2[;V|t GhY 3_+. Dominant plants include sheathed Cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum), numerous ericaceous shrubs, dwarf birch (Betua nana) and diamond-leafed willow (Salix planifolia ssp. Project: Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment. Fish such as dolly varden and arctic cisco are found in nearshore waters. 4 0 obj <> endobj 2018-12-31, Data Set Version: The area is bounded by the Canning River to the west, the Alaska-Canada border to the east, the Beaufort Sea to the north, and the Brooks Mountain Range to the south. Sixteen land-cover classes (note that there are 18 listed in the table below since there are 18 listed in the GeoTIFF file. The ice pack is the winter home for polar bear and numerous seals. A map of riparian zones was digitized from active floodplains, islands, and low river terraces identified from aerial photographs. 0000291114 00000 n 0000343078 00000 n 0000001076 00000 n There are two companion files with this data set, which providedetailed information on the mapping project. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Migratory birds and insects flourish here during the brief Arctic summer. McCabe, B.R. pulchra). Along the northern boundary of the refuge, barrier islands, coastal lagoons, salt marshes, and river deltas provide habitat for migratory waterbirds including sea ducks, geese, swans, and shorebirds. Figure 1. The map was derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat TM) data, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), aerial photographs, existing maps, and extensive ground-truthing. [tdc_zone type=tdc_content][vc_row][vc_column][td_block_trending_now limit=3][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row tdc_css=eyJhbGwiOnsiYm9yZGVyLXRvcC13aWR0aCI6IjEiLCJib3JkZXItY29sb3IiOiIjZTZlNmU2In19][vc_column width=2/3][td_block_slide sort=featured limit=3][td_block_2 border_top=no_border_top category_id= limit=6 td_ajax_filter_type=td_category_ids_filter ajax_pagination=next_prev sort=random_posts custom_title=SEA MOSS RECIPES][td_block_1 border_top=no_border_top category_id= sort=random_posts custom_title=SEA MOSS BEAUTY][td_block_ad_box spot_id=custom_ad_1][td_block_15 category_id= limit=8 sort=random_posts custom_title=SEA MOSS HEALTH BENEFITS][/vc_column][vc_column width=1/3][td_block_social_counter custom_title=STAY CONNECTED facebook=tagDiv twitter=tagdivofficial youtube=tagdiv border_top=no_border_top][td_block_9 custom_title=LIFESTYLE border_top=no_border_top category_id= ajax_pagination=next_prev sort=random_posts][td_block_ad_box spot_id=sidebar][td_block_2 sort=random_posts limit=3 category_id= custom_title=SEA MOSS BUSINESS][td_block_title][td_block_10 limit=3 custom_title= border_top=no_border_top tdc_css=eyJhbGwiOnsibWFyZ2luLXRvcCI6Ii0yMCJ9fQ==][/vc_column][/vc_row][/tdc_zone], Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. A popular wilderness route and historic passage exists between the two villages, traversing the refuge and all its ecosystems from boreal, interior forest to Arctic Ocean coast. 0000408667 00000 n 0000837899 00000 n Land Cover and Vegetation Map, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. 0000250618 00000 n The remaining 10.1 million acres (40,900km) of the refuge are designated as "minimal management," a category intended to maintain existing natural conditions and resource values. The map was derived from two Landsat TM images; one from July 7, 1985, and one from July 15, 1986. Users guide for the land-cover map of the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The Arctic coastal plain stretches southward from the coast to the foothills of the Brooks Range. Reitz, M.K. [3] Reserves of oil were also believed to exist in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge protects a pristine and unspoiled environment that spans five different ecological regions. 0000140532 00000 n Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. Five major terrain types had been mapped and described during the making of the 1982 map (Walker et al., 1982). 0000336641 00000 n Archive Center Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. The Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) is a NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program field campaign that will take place in Alaska and western Canada between 2016 and 2021. Land-cover map of the Coastal Plain, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, 1993. Walker, D.A., W. Acevedo, K.R. During the summer, whales migrate through these waters. Frequent forest fires ignited by lightning result in a complex mosaic of birch, aspen, and spruce forests of various ages. Agreements for both Landsat images were the same. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. [4], Concerns with oil field development within the Refuge include the expected biological consequences:[5], While drilling in Alaska, specifically within the Refuge, remains a point of controversy; what many in the lower 48 states do not realize is the already extensive oil industry already on its North Slope. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. This area of rolling hills, small lakes, and north-flowing, braided rivers is dominated by tundra vegetation consisting of low shrubs, sedges, and mosses. 0000291354 00000 n 0000539845 00000 n Documentation Revision Date: 0000001944 00000 n The refuge consists of 19,300,000acres (78,000km) on Alaska's North Slope. <]/Prev 1334549>> The area includes calving grounds of the migratory Caribou herd and is a nesting habitat for many birds and waterfowl (Jorgenson et al., 1994). 0000001280 00000 n 0000291079 00000 n 0001098459 00000 n 0000903488 00000 n Year-round residents of the boreal forest include moose, lynx, marten, wolverines, black and grizzly bears, and wolves. In the early twenty-first century, this area became a source of controversy between environmentalists and proponents of oil drilling. One of the world's largest industrial complexes, spanning some 1,000 square miles of once-pristine Arctic tundra, the North Slope holds Prudhoe Bay and 26 other oilfields, which include the following:[6], Much of the debate over whether to drill in the Refuge rests on the amount of economically recoverable oil, as it relates to world oil markets, weighed against the potential harm oil exploration might have upon the natural wildlife, in particular the calving ground of the Porcupine caribou. Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment (LBA-ECO), Oregon Transect Ecosystem Research Project (OTTER), Southern African Regional Science Initiative Project (SAFARI 2000), Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS), Vegetation-Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP), International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP II), Atmospheric Tracer Transport Model Intercomparison Project (TransCom), Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE), Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (AirMOSS), Atmospheric Carbon and Transport - America (ACT-America), Accelerated Canopy Chemistry Program (ACCP), Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), CARbon Atmosphere Flux Experiment (CARAFE), Coastal Plains of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. Table 5. Webber. 0000176450 00000 n Dall sheep and wolves are active all year, while grizzly bears and arctic ground squirrels are frequently seen during summer but hibernate in winter. Beginning as predominantly treeless tundra with scattered islands of black and white spruce trees, the forest becomes progressively denser as the foothills yield to the expansive flats north of the Yukon River. 42 0 obj <>stream North Slope Borough and Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, blocking, deflecting or disturbing wildlife, loss of subsistence hunting opportunities, increased predation by arctic fox, gulls and ravens on nesting birds due to introduction of garbage as a consistent food source, alteration of natural drainage patterns, causing changes in vegetation, deposition of alkaline dust on tundra along roads, altering vegetation over a much larger area than the actual width of the road, local pollutant haze and acid rain from nitrogen oxides, methane and particulate matter emissions, contamination of soil and water from fuel and oil spills, 28 oil production plants, gas processing facilities, and seawater treatment and power plants, 223 production and exploratory gravel drill pads. Two sets of vegetation field data were acquired; one set for training data and one to assess the map accuracy. trailer 0000216341 00000 n Enlargements were made for 17 areas that represented a variety of vegetation and terrain types. The wildlife refuge is the largest protected Wilderness area in the United States. 0 2018. 0000290491 00000 n Caribou travel here from farther north to spend the winter. These datawere obtained fromthe Alaska Arctic Geoecological Atlas (http://agc.portal.gina.alaska.edu), which provides access toexisting Arctic vegetation plot and map datain support of the ABoVE campaign. These areas were ground truthed by by botanists to determine if corrections needed to be made. Foothills are the most common terrain type in the study area. 0000071489 00000 n Foothills are the most common terrain type in the study area. Located in the eastern part of the Brooks Range, it is home to much of the diverse and spectacular wildlife in the Arctic. The Refuge was created in 1960 during the Eisenhower Administration by Public Land Order 2214. 1. General areas of representative vegetation were identified from color-infrared (CIR) photographs. Imm, T.A., Dillon, J.T., and Bakke, A.A., 1993, Generalized geologic map of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Special Report 42, 1 sheet, scale 1:500,000. https://doi.org/10.14509/2641, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; Derivative; Generalized; Geologic Map; Geology, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Sheet 1, Generalized geologic map of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska, scale 1:500,000, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands). This northernmost extension of the Rocky Mountains marks the Continental divide, with north-flowing rivers emptying into the Arctic Ocean and south-flowing rivers joining the Yukon River. 0001229637 00000 n Arctic Village is a Gwich'in settlement on the east fork of the Chandalar River on the southern boundary of the Refuge. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1384. Neotropical migratory birds breed here in spring and summer, attracted by plentiful food and the variety of habitats. 0000216165 00000 n Secure .gov websites use HTTPS It was created by Public Land Order 2214 "For the purpose of preserving unique wildlife, wilderness and recreational values". The rugged mountains of the Brooks Range are incised by deep river valleys creating a range of elevations and aspects that support a variety of low tundra vegetation, dense shrubs, rare groves of poplar trees on the north side and spruce on the south. Therefore, field sites were chosen based on distributions of vegetation types on the ground, not on distributions of spectral classes from the Landsat-TM images. Wilms. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article Tundra with sedge tussocks and dwarf shrubs covers most foothill uplands. Final changes were made and the two maps were joined (Jorgenson et al., 1994). Establishment of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge followed. The region first became a federal protected area in 1960 by order of Fred Andrew Seaton, Secretary of the Interior under U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. This narrow strip of land includes only 10 percent of the total Refuge acreage, but includes most of the Refuge's coastal plain and arctic foothills ecological zones. During World War II, the entire North Slope of Alaska - 48.8 million acres - was withdrawn from entry under the public land laws and held for exclusive use by the United States government for military purposes. 0000290373 00000 n The Refuge is located in a region of extensive cold, and much of its soils are underlain with permafrost. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The two images were georeferenced to UTM Zones 6 and 7 using a second-order transformation and nearest- neighbor resampling. Generally, visitors gain access to the land by aircraft, but it is also possible to reach the refuge by boat or by walking (the Dalton Highway passes near the western edge of the refuge). Coastal lands and sea ice are used by caribou seeking relief from biting insects during summer, and by polar bears hunting seals and giving birth in snow dens during winter. Brown, and P.J. A grassroots movement seeking to protect this corner of Alaska began in the early 1950s. 0000474256 00000 n ABoVE seeks a better understanding of the vulnerability and resilience of ecosystems and society to this changing environment. These areas are suitable for wilderness designation, although there are presently no proposals to designate them as wilderness. %%EOF Wetlands and south-flowing rivers create openings in the forest canopy. Each year, thousands of waterfowl and other birds nest and reproduce in areas surrounding Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk fields and a healthy and increasing caribou herd migrates through these areas to calve and seek respite from annoying pests. (DAAC). Most field data used to develop the map were collected in the summers of 1989 and 1990 before the Landsat-TM data were classified. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Landsat-assisted environmental mapping in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. The agreement between the final map and 318 independent field samples was 50% for 16 land-cover classes. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge supports a greater variety of plant and animal life than any other protected area in the Arctic Circle. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees, For 30 Years, a Political Battle Over Oil and ANWR, History of the Arctic Refuge as it relates to Oil in Alaska, The Unique Conservation Values of the Arctic Refuge, Potential Impacts of Oil and Gas Development on Refuge Resources. History of "Arctic National Wildlife Refuge", https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge&oldid=1059820, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Jorgenson, J.C., and D.A. Sixteenland-cover classes across the northern coastal plain of the ANWR were mapped according to the following method (for additional details, refer to the companion file Jorgenson_1994_Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge.pdf): These data are available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Land Cover and Vegetation Map, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. CRREL Report 82-27. By the 1950s accelerated resource development caused mounting concern for the region's natural environment and potential loss of habitat. These data provide a record of vegetation and landcover for the time period 1982 - 1993 for the area and could be useful to climate change studies. Wet Graminoid Tundra with moist inclusions in low-centered polygons, with wet sedge in centers and troughs and moist sedge on rims (from Jorgenson et al., 1994). 0000335355 00000 n 0000001475 00000 n Sixteen land-cover types are noted, with a 17th notation for shadow (Jorgenson et al., 1994). 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